"Hazardous Chemicals" Above Standard Limits in Fast Fashion Clothing

In recent months, independent testing reports have revealed that some fast fashion garments sold across multiple markets contain hazardous chemicals exceeding international safety limits, particularly those set under EU REACH regulations.

This issue is no longer just a passing headline. It has become a growing concern for consumers, brands, and garment manufacturers alike.

In this article, we take a closer look at the chemicals most frequently mentioned in these reports and the potential risks they pose.

Textile Laboratorys

1. PFAS — The “Forever Chemicals” Under Increasing Scrutiny

PFAS (Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances) are a group of chemicals commonly used in textile finishing processes to provide properties such as:

• Water resistance

• Stain resistance

• Improved durability

The concern is that PFAS are extremely persistent — they do not break down easily in nature and can accumulate in both the environment and the human body. For this reason, they are often referred to as “Forever Chemicals.”

Why are PFAS a concern?

• They remain in the environment for many years

• Long-term exposure may lead to accumulation in the body

• Many countries are tightening regulations and moving toward restrictions on PFAS, especially in consumer goods and textiles

2. Phthalates — Chemicals Linked to Prints and Synthetic Components

Phthalates are chemicals used to make plastics softer and more flexible. In apparel, they may be present due to:

• Printed graphics

• Coatings or finishes

• Plastic trims or decorative elements

Potential impacts

• Some phthalates are classified as endocrine disruptors, meaning they may interfere with hormonal systems

• They have been linked to potential reproductive health concerns with long-term exposure

• As a result, their use is strictly regulated, particularly in children’s clothing and items worn directly against the skin

3. Chemicals from Dyeing, Finishing, and Production Processes

While PFAS and phthalates receive the most attention, these reports also highlight a broader issue:

Chemical risks in garments do not come from fabric alone, but from the entire production process, including:

• Dyes and dyeing auxiliaries

• Finishing chemicals

• Residual substances from manufacturing

Without proper chemical management, residues may remain in finished garments — even unintentionally.

How can consumers be exposed to these chemicals?

• Direct skin contact from prolonged wear

• Children are considered a higher-risk group due to sensitive skin and closer contact with garments

• Washing and wastewater — certain chemicals can be released during laundering, contributing to environmental pollution

How can consumers be exposed to these chemicals?

• Direct skin contact from prolonged wear

• Children are considered a higher-risk group due to sensitive skin and closer contact with garments

• Washing and wastewater — certain chemicals can be released during laundering, contributing to environmental pollution

From a manufacturer’s perspective: how to reduce risk and meet export standards

Oeko-Tex Standard

For garment factories and brands producing for international markets, proactive chemical control is essential. Best practices include:

• Implementing RSL / MRSL (Restricted Substances List) compliance

• Sourcing materials and chemicals with proper safety documentation

• Conducting targeted lab testing for higher-risk products such as:

  
  

  • Water-repellent garments

  • Printed apparel

  • Children’s wear

  
  

  Regularly monitoring regulatory updates, especially for EU and UK markets

Recent testing of fast fashion garments highlights how chemical safety has become just as important as design, price, and speed to market.

For consumers, it is a matter of health and safety. For brands and manufacturers, it is about credibility, compliance, and long-term sustainability.

By managing chemical risks from the very beginning of the production process, manufacturers can not only reduce compliance issues but also build trust with global customers — and create safer products for everyone.